The Number One Question You Must Ask for Term Paper Easy Reviews

The Number One Question You Must Ask for Term Paper Easy Reviews Digital Tiger and Paper Tiger are both designed to be effortless to setup and easy to use. Your content needs to be polished and simple to read. Gaming is truly a good way of spending quality time and getting to know your children. To print using wi-fi, you will want to make sure the laptop has the ideal drivers downloaded and installed. You're able to use tables to spell out the results especially if you would like to report voluminous data like standard and means deviation. You're able to trust you will have accessibility to your writer, assistance reviewing sources, and creative applications that will allow you to get the grades you desire. There are lots of citations formats that are used for formatting academic papers together with scholarly term papers. Produce a superior abstract since it is the very first section that most journal readers read to decide whether they ought to read the full paper. You're likely required to supply in-depth info about a topic written out through multiple pages. Obviously, there are numerous other websites which claim that you're able to get term papers at no cost. When you haven't any yet, then it is going to be better for you to hunt for any examples and samples of works to fully grasp the method by which the work ought to be completed and formatted. The Pain of Term Paper Easy Reviews True, such kind of assignment for a term paper calls for a scrupulous strategy, time and confidence that you're doing it right. Regardless of the character of your research if you're writing a paper an outline can help you to not just organize your thoughts but in addition function as the template for your whole paper. Your paper includes a lot of things, but the info you provide about your study is going to be addressed in every one of the sections in diverse ways. However good a customized term paper is, if you receive it late, there'll not be any use within it. Introductory paragraph should also incorporate the very best writer online. Introduction, the next element of the expression paper format, presents thesis statement and the most important problem, explains how they'll be supported in the areas of the term paper. A term paper formatted in the APA style attempts to demonstrate something which has been demonstrated to be true and it must be cited before or present perfect tense. One of the absolute most important things to look at when wondering how to compose a term paper APA style are the technicalities. APA (American psychological association) is a process of citation that's widely employed for writing papers in regions of sociology, organization, mathematics, psychology, criminal justice and nursing among different areas. In reality, the APA style functions as a wonderful guideline that will be able to help you out more easily finish your essay or term work. You ought to be detached and objective in your writing. Should you need expert writing help, don't hesitate to visit EssayPro.com. For all of us, writers are the key asset, and we do everything we can to get the best ones even if it requires time and energy. The writer should become as much information regarding the subject and its most important points as possible, collect all sources to compose authentic research paper, get to understand the peculiarities of citation style preferred by the educational institution so as to understand how to cite a paper and stick with the elements of the expression paper format.

Recommending Accepting Blood Products What Does It Mean

I am Considering Accepting Blood Products: What Does That Really Mean? Alyson Semien Texas Woman s University Abstract This paper was written in conjunction with a pamphlet to inform those not directly involved the medical field of their options when it comes to blood and blood products at a level that they can understand. First this paper will explore the common types of blood transfusions that use red blood cells, plasma, platelets, and cryoprecipitate along with their reasons for being administered. Next it will be discussed how the blood transfusion process actually occurs; from donating and screening in blood banks right up until the blood is being transfused. Last of all, the more common possible risks and side effects of receiving a blood transfusion will be described such as reactions and infections. Keywords: Blood Transfusion, Blood, Blood Products, Blood Transfusion Risk I am Considering Accepting Blood Products: What Does That Really Mean? Introduction Over the centuries people have found multiple uses for blood; they have used it for food, medicine, to paint pictures, and even as anti-freeze (Learoyd, 2012)! Blood has been proven to truly be the force to keep all life forms going. It is not a wonder why novelist Bram Stoker was compelled to write the words, â€Å"The blood is life,† because without blood, nobody can live (Stoker, 2000). Unfortunately, many people are not aware as to how blood works in critical situations in order to keep theShow MoreRelatedThe Sociology Of Knowledge5656 Words   |  23 Pageshad considered what concretely mediated betweell social being and consciousness, he might have found a different nexus in every case, depending on what social necessities or possibilities were at work. 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The chapters build on one another. The organization is sound and the author does a superior job of presenting the structure of arguments. David M. Adams, California State Polytechnic University These examples work quite well. Their diversity, literacy, ethnic sensitivity, and relevancy should attract readers. StanleyRead MoreBoard Dynamics and the Inï ¬â€šuence of Professional Background, Gender and Ethnic Diversity of Directors11390 Words   |  46 Pagesand Ethnic Diversity of Directors* Nicholas van der Walt** and Coral Ingley Exploring the appointment of directors of different professional backgrounds, levels of independence, age, gender and ethnicity, this paper develops a taxonomy describing what is meant by diversity on the board and its implications for decision-making. Board conï ¬ guration is considered in terms of empirical evidence highlighting the criteria used in appointing directors and the associated implications of social capital forRead MoreThe Niger Delta Struggles: Its Implications for Resource Control.17990 Words   |  72 Pagesand regional struggle for self-determination since 1998, the location of often-violent confrontations between local ethnic communities and agents of the Nigerian state and oil companies involved in the extraction and exploitation of oil in the area. What began as community agitation has undoubtedly undergone several transformations. The first involved the flowering of civil society, which mobilized a popular civil struggle. The second saw the extension of the a gitation from that against multinationalRead MoreStrategic Marketing Management337596 Words   |  1351 Pagesidentified as the authors of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms

Crystal Castles free essay sample

I can’t recall how long ago, but perhaps about a year ago, I stumbled across a song by Crystal Castles, a Toronto-based experimental electronic group. I fell in love with the song instantly – the song is called Vanished – and I soon discovered more of their music. Vanished is a song a little less drug-trip than most of their other tunes, hence it’s easier to like at first than their song Dolls, or the angry screeching and noise from some several of their 2010 album. The duo consists of Alice Glass and Ethan Kath; Ethan runs the magical synthesizer, and Alice does the strange vocals. Alice is a very visual person, with an indescribable fashion taste – a mix of punk and stuff you’d find in grandma’s closet. Ethan’s a little simpler. They’re the type of band that you either hate or adore, but when you do adore them, you find that the songs take you away on a weird, fantastical trip. We will write a custom essay sample on Crystal Castles or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I’ve listened to more than half the songs on their first album, and every single tune has a distinct feel and unique flavor. Some of the songs are the type you’d dance to, while some are the type that’ll cast you away to another dimension, and some are the type that would make you wonder â€Å"What the - is this?†. If electronic music is your thing, I recommend checking out their songs Love and Caring, Vanished, Knights, Magic Spells, Restless, Crimewave, and Untrust Us. I’m certain that’s more than half of the songs on their first album, but you can’t label Crystal Castles with solely one or two examples. The second album which came out this year is a little more pop-ish, still freaky and even more upbeat, but there’s more of Alice’s feminine voice, in a more angelic manner in some songs, and in an angrier manner in others. I think they might have been working with higher notes on this album, but their quality is the same or better. It’s as if I’m hearing more â€Å"layers† and a lot more going on in their newer songs. I recommend checking out songs like Celestica, Not in Love, Intimate, Pap Smear, and Year of Silence. If you want to burn a handful of brain cells away, listen to the angry screeching in songs like Doe Deer and the hyped up shouting in songs like Baptism. Your ears will feel like they’re on cocaine, without actually using cocaine. Strangely being one of my favorite bands, I think a rather unknown duo like Crystal Castles deserves a review, for I honestly can’t think of any band that sounds just like them, and if anyone knows of a band that does, please let me know. But all in all, if you like some really weird music, or are open minded to hear some, I fully recommend trying Crystal Castles. There’s probably some mental side affects to it though, so don’t hold me liable if you lose IQ points, or some of your mental sanity.

Waste Management Essay Essay Example

Waste Management Essay Essay IntroductionBackground of the Study RA 9003. otherwise known as the â€Å"Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. † authorizations that segregation and aggregation of solid waste at beginning shall be conducted at the barangay degree specifically for biodegradable. compostable and reclaimable wastes. and that the several metropoliss and municipalities shall advance enterprises in the community to set about waste segregation and aggregation at beginning pursuant to the spirit of the jurisprudence. Complementing this proviso. the jurisprudence mandates that â€Å"collection of non-recyclable stuffs and particular wastes shall be the duty of the municipality or city† ( Section 10. RA 9003 ) . These authorizations are defined in conformity with the Local Government Code ( RA7160 ) . We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Waste Management Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Recently. the metropolis of Manila enacted City Ordinance No. 7876 which provides steps for the proper segregation of rubbish. Under this regulation. all waste stuffs belong to either one of the undermentioned groups: biodegradable ( nabubulok ) . non-biodegradable ( di-nabubulok ) . and residuary. Each class of refuse is. in bend. collected by the metropolis service at specified yearss of the hebdomad. Rizal Technological University ( RTU ) for its portion. has taken a figure of stairss toward bettering its ain waste direction system. An Environmental Research Department has been established to research and implement executable systems for refuse aggregation and segregation. In RTU-Mandaluyong. biodegradable and non-biodegradable refuse are being segregated into separate rubbish bins. Recently. ( 2012 ) Rizal Technological University joined the National Search for the Most Eco-Friendly School. a plan measuring the school environmental plans. energy preservation undertakings. H2O use systems and refuse disposal policies. In add-on. the University’s Environmental Research Department implemented â€Å"No Plastic Policy† . which started last 2010. purely enforcing the ordinance of disposable fictile stuffs among the pupils. module and the university canteen and nutrient shops ( as cited in RTU one-year accomplishment study ) . However. in malice of these steps. the University is still dawdling behind in making something for direction of solid waste. This survey will give us an mentality of the current position of the university’s Solid Waste Management Program. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Impacts of Rapid Population Growth and Urbanization on Waste Management As human population additions. the rapid depletion of natural resources is go oning in all states and significantly striving the quality of the planet’s H2O. dirt. and air. therefore straight lending to environmental impairment. It is estimated that the Earth’s renewable natural resources has declined by over 30 per centum over the last 30 old ages while the demands on them has increased by 50 per centum. Hence. sustainability is a job. ( Torres. 2010 ) This environmental impairment is made worse by urbanisation and promotions in societies brought approximately by engineering. Whenever something is thrown out or is considered to be waste. resources are lost. This call for the extraction of more natural resources to refill our society’s neer stoping demand for more merchandises. Inevitably. these new merchandises are used and finally thrown off as waste and the rhythm continues. As our waste piles up to eternity. the earth’s natural resources merely go more perceptibly finite. ( Baula. 2010 ) A factor that could decline the environmental crisis is the increasing accretion of solid wastes which either have no opposite number in nature or which have non been decently disposed ( Arias. 1998 ) . Solid wastes have been identified as one of the most of import environmental jobs of urbanisation. For an urban centre with rapid urban migration. hapless solid waste direction patterns are considered as black activities. ( Ballados. 2010 ) Based on estimations. waste coevals in Asia has reached 1 million dozenss per twenty-four hours. Solid-waste direction has become an of import issue in the Asia-Pacific part. and it needs to be resolved through an integrated community. private sector. and policy-based attack. ( Asiatic Productivity Organization. 2007 ) In the Philippines. the national population continues to increase in an accelerating rate and it is the â€Å"sixteenth most thickly settled. out of more than 190 countries† . ( Magalona and Malayang. 2001 ) . The country’s population exhibited a immense addition from 27 million in the 1960’s to 88. 57 million in 2007. ( Espaldon and Baltazar. 2011 ) . Aside from increasing population. the rapid urbanisation besides contributes to the country’s job of waste. With the increasing population peculiarly in the urban countries. the sum of solid waste generated per twenty-four hours besides increases. The unit coevals rate of solid waste in the state ranges between 0. 30 to 0. 70kg per capita per twenty-four hours for rural and urban communities severally. ( NSWMC. 2005 ) The deficiency of chances and utmost poorness in the countryside has forced the rural inhabitants to seek better life in the urban countries. Infrastructure in the state is largely focused on the NCR and this hinders the local and regional development. Due to unmanaged urbanisation in Metro Manila and other urban metropoliss. the state is confronting a batch of jobs such as pollution. unequal H2O supply. high unemployment and offense rates. outgrowth of homesteaders. traffic congestion and inefficient waste disposal ( Mangahas. 2006 ) . There is a farther and more direct effect to the continual accretion of waste. The nonliteral term â€Å"buried in garbage† manifested itself literally in the Payatas calamity in Quezon City. Payatas is a 12-hectare garbage dump that is inhabited by around 311. 500 people who make a life from scavenging and selling rubbish. Two typhoons that hit Metro Manila loosened the mountain of refuse and in the forenoon of July 10. 2000. it finally came crashing down on an estimated 300 hovels. killing 224 people. The garbage dump was temporarily closed. Six months after the catastrophe. holding no alternate shit sites. the Payatas garbage dump was reopened ( Bildan. 2003 as cited in Baula. 2005 ) . Besides the menace to our lives. indiscriminate dumping has led to streets being lined with rubbish and to the implosion therapy of our urban homes. Health is threatened when canals. clogged by refuse. go breeding evidences for insects that bring about diseases like cholera and dandy fever. Respiratory diseases are besides brought approximately by the combustion of refuse in our backyards. Landfills produce methane gas which is a potent nursery gas. ( Baula. 2005 ) Policies on Solid Waste Management The go oning debasement of the environment has captured the attending of concerned citizens around the Earth. In the past decennaries. the Filipino authorities has implemented several steps to protect the environment and the wellness of the people from the jeopardies caused by improper waste disposal. Even in the earlier ordinances. proper aggregation and disposal of wastes and the proviso of punishments for non-compliance were already emphasized. ( Ocenar 2001 ) The Filipino authorities has recognized the badness of the refuse job and has prioritized the constitution of appropriate steps to turn to it. The most comprehensive piece of statute law is the Republic Act ( RA ) 9003. known as the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000. which assigns the primary undertaking of execution and enforcement to LGUs. It emphasizes the importance of minimising waste by utilizing techniques such as recycling. resource recovery. reuse. and composting ( Guzman. 2013 ) . Under RA 7160. otherwise known as the Local Government Code. the Filipino LGUs shall be chiefly responsible for the execution and enforcement of the commissariats of this Act within their several legal powers. Segregation and aggregation of solid waste shall be conducted at the barangay degree specifically for biodegradable. compostable and reclaimable wastes provided. that the aggregation of non-recyclable stuffs and particular wastes shall be the duty of the municipality or metropolis ( Section 10 of RA 9003 as cited in Ballados. 2010 ) The barangay shall be responsible for the aggregation. segregation. recycling of biodegradable. reclaimable. compostable and reclaimable wastes. Material Recovery Facilities ( MRFs ) will be established in every barangay or bunch of barangays ( Section 1 of Rule XI of the IRR 9003 ) . Other policies include PD 825 Garbage Disposal Law. PD 984 Pollution Control Law. PD 1151 Phil. Environmental Policy and other regulative policies and local authorities regulations like the hiwa-hiwalay sodium basura SA barangay under the local authorities codification ( Atienza 2011 ) . Role of Educational Institutions to Solid Waste Management Harmonizing to a survey by Hagos in 2008. integrating of environmental instruction in selected curricular plans is really of import particularly for a underdeveloped state like the Philippines. Students must go ?earth-friendly? and commit to environmentally sound life style. They must besides acknowledge mutuality in a planetary village? and be prepared to lend to it. Former President Fidel V. Ramos signed Executive Order No. 15 that answers the call for planetary action on the province of the environment. He created the Philippine Council for Sustainable Development that adopted the Philippine Agenda 21which takes a balanced and incorporate attack to development issues by integrating sustainable development rules and constructs aligned with the national precedences of the authorities. ( Rabago 2008 ) One of the schemes of Philippine Agenda 21 is the publicity of environmental instruction. information and public consciousness. This scheme reinforces P. D. 1152 or the Filipino Environment Code of 1977 that mandates the integrating of environmental instruction into the nucleus course of study of all academic degrees. ( Dejarme 2009 ) This started the bing plans and activities of schools and higher instruction establishments and the integrating of environmental scientific discipline topics in third instruction degree.School Based Solid Waste Management is being practiced in changing grades in a figure of schools throughout Metro Manila. Quezon City had launched the â€Å"Green School Brigade† plan where pupils from six public simple schools were encouraged to convey reclaimable wastes and take them to their schools in exchange for school supplies or food market points ( Reganit. 2008 as cited in Baula. 2005 ) . Marikina City instituted the â€Å"Eco Savers† plan in 2004. necessitating pupils from 18 public simple schools to convey reclaimable refuse from their families to their schools ( Best Practices. 2007 ) . Thirty-six schools in Makati City had besides been chosen to prosecute in waste segregation ( Recycling. 2008 as cited in Baula. 2005 ) . Private companies. as portion of their societal duty. besides pushed attempts towards waste direction run. Samsung Electronics Philippines Manufacturing Corporation in partnership with Toyota Autoparts Inchad chosen one hundred pupils from five spouse schools were chosen as participants to the preparation plan. The partner-schools include: Emilio Aguinaldo Integrated School. Isaac Lopez Integrated School. Bonifacio Javier National High School. Eulogio Rodriguez Vocational High School. and Rizal Experimental Pilot School for Cottage Industries. After the preparation. the schools’ waste direction plans were monitored and evaluated for a period of six months. from August 2006 to April 2007. The LGUs in Bulacan. Nueva Vizcaya. and Sorsogon followed suit and had replicated the plan. . Samsung Electronics Philippines Manufacturing Corp. in Calamba. Laguna. and Toyota Autoparts Inc. in Sta. Rosa. Laguna ( Aguinaldo. 2008 as cited in Baula. 2005 ) . Higher educational establishments ( universities and colleges ) besides started their waste direction undertakings. A good illustration is De LaSalle University. which established their Waste Minimization Campaign last September 2005. They conducted orientation and seminar sing the undertaking with the engagement of the university concessioners. housekeeping section. evidences section. residence hall residents. office secretary/clerks staff. module. pupil leaders and school decision makers. They agreed to make a policy sing the usage of disposable plastic stuffs within the university. DLSU besides designated September as their â€Å"Clean-Up Month† ( DLSU Environmental Resource Management Center. 2005 ) . RTU’s Garbage Disposal Policies Rizal Technological University. similar to other local and foreign universities. has some kind of waste reduction/prevention plan.Recently. ( 2012 ) Rizal Technological University joined the National Search for the Most Eco-Friendly School. a plan measuring the school environmental plans. energy preservation undertakings. H2O use systems and refuse disposal policies. The university highlighted its â€Å"No Plastic Policy† . which started last 2010. purely enforcing the ordinance of disposable fictile stuffs among the pupils. module and the university canteen and nutrient shops ( as cited in RTU one-year accomplishment study ) . RTU besides pattern trash segregation. dividing waste as degradable and non-degradable. However. non-compliance to these policies was observed among RTU population. Significance of the Study Using document reappraisals and cardinal informant interviews. the study’s end is to pull out strength and failing of the university’s solid waste direction and place the best patterns or possible promotion on how RTU’s SWM could be improved. In add-on. the survey can be used for betterment of bing policies with respects to solid waste direction. Research Problem The survey aims to cognize the current position of solid waste direction position in RTU. Aims of the Study This instance survey would wish to seek replies to the followers: How long has it been since the plan ( SWM ) started?Is the plan being sustained over the past few old ages?What promotion has been made to assist the plan?How is RTU’s plan compared with others’ ? MethodologyResearch DesignThe qualitative research method was used in this research survey peculiarly the instance survey type of research probe. The intent of this type of research is to depict objectively the nature of the state of affairs under survey. Instrument Interviews Unstructured questionnaire was used as one of the informations aggregation methods. This questionnaire was used to roll up information from the Environmental Research Department through an interview sing waste direction services and patterns for RTU. Datas are based from our interview with Prof. Marita Geroy. in-charge of the Environmental Research Laboratory. and Dr. Ruth Guzman. president of the Environmental Research Committee. Secondary Datas Solid Waste Management Programs of other universities and municipalities were besides obtained for survey and comparing intents. Procedure Permissions from the Environmental Research Department were sought prior to the behavior of interviews. Interviews would affect Prof. Marita Geroy. in-charge of the Environmental Research Laboratory. and Dr. Ruth Guzman. president of the Environmental Research Committee. Datas Analysis Gathered informations will be presented and will be compared with other school-based solid waste direction plan. Findingss Rizal Technological University started its solid waste direction plan manner back 2004 when Dr. Marivic De Guzman. the Director of Auxiliary services so. created an Ecology Center and funded a composting bioreactor for biodegradable waste. After five old ages. Dr. Ulysses Lim took in charge of the Auxiliary Services ( 2009 ) and implemented the distribution of refuse bags within the university and tarpaulin postings informing the pupils to dispose their rubbish decently. On the same twelvemonth. the RTU disposal decided to fade out the Department of Auxiliary Services and reassign the duties to ( BAO ) Business Affairs Office. BAO continued to administer refuse bags but decided to halt the operation of the university’s bioreactor because of care troubles. In 2010. under Research and Development Center. an Environmental Research Committee was instituted. It was headed by Dr. Ruth Guzman. Part of the Environmental Research Committee is the constitution of Environmental Research Laboratory with Prof. Marita Geroy to oversee the installation. They decided to segregate rubbish by seting labels on the refuse bags as to â€Å"biodegradable† and â€Å"non-biodegradable† . With the supervising of Dr. Ruth Guzman. the Chairperson of Environmental Committee. a Proposed Undertaking for Waste Management was presented to the school disposal. However. the said proposal was non given that much attending and is still non approved by the school functionaries. A survey conducted by Geroy and Meneses in 2010 showed that pupils are cognizant of waste direction but they do non follow the bing policies because segregation was non purely reinforced within the university. Last 2012. RTU joined the National Search for the Most Eco-Friendly School foregrounding its â€Å"No Plastic Policy† which was besides imposed n the same twelvemonth. The policy includes the ordinance on the usage of plastic ( fictile cups ) within the promenade. university canteen and nutrient booth. It besides banned the usage of Styrofoam stuffs inside the campus. Harmonizing to the Environmental Committee. waste coevals decrease has been observed through the bing policies. However. comparing it with other schools. they are still non satisfied with the RTU’s waste direction. RTU’s SWM: Strength Since 2004. the university has been consistent in forcing waste direction policies within the university. The constitution of the university’s Environmental Research Committee strengthened the bing waste direction policies. Information airing has been done through the usage of enlightening tarpaulins and rubbish bags labeling. RTU’s SWM: Failing Proposed undertakings are available. but fiscal resources are non. Compliance depends on execution. Segregation is non purely implemented. The university is cognizant of bing waste segregation. Polotical will is missing among the pupils. Compared with DLSU ( LaSalle ) system. RTU is dawdling behind solid waste direction. DLSU implemented its Entire Waste Segregation through its Solid Waste Management Task Force. They observed important consequences on the decrease of their waste direction ( cited in DLSU Solid Waste Management Report ) . They besides designated 100 janitors and 15 nurserymans working for the cleanliness and beautification of the campus. An one-year forum. comprising of the school decision makers. deans of different colleges and sections. pupils faculty member and spearheaded by the Buildings and Grounds Maintenance Department and the Solid Waste Management Task Force. is being held to show studies and proposals sing solid waste direction. This sort of plans can besides be adopted by RTU for the betterment of the bing policies. Information are based from our interview with Prof. Marita Geroy. in-charge of the Environmental Research Laboratory. and Dr. Ruth Guzman. president of the Environmental Research Committee. Decision From the consequences. we concluded the followers:The university’s present waste direction is focused on segregation. Awareness among the pupils sing segregation is noted. But non-compliance is observed. Recommendation RTU should look into other schools plan and do them guidelines for better policy devising and plan execution. The university can follow other schools’ system sing waste direction. The university should hold separate Solid Waste Management Department for better monitoring of solid waste Mentions Acosta. V. L. Paul. J. G. et. Al. Implementing Regional Ecology Centers in the Visayas Region. Philippines: Networking To Enhance Sector Development AndSolid Waste Management Bennagen. M. E. . Nepomuceno. G. and Covar. R. . 2002. Resources. Environment A ; Economics Center For Studies ( REECS ) ; A Summary of EEPSEA Research Report 2002. RR3. Resources. Environment A ; Economics Center For Studies Aquino. P. A. . Delina. L. et. Al ; Mobilizing Public Support for a Sustainable Solid Waste Management: The Case Study of Santo Tomas Municipality. Philippines Sumalde. Z. . 2005. A Summary of EEPSEA Research Report 2005-RR1. Execution and Financing of Solid Waste Management in the Philippines Ballados. M. T. . Measuring the Solid Waste Management Practices in Bacolod City. Philippines Baula. E. . 2010 School-Based Solid Waste Management Initiative in the Philippines: Lessons and Experiences of the Toyota Auto Parts and Sta. Rosa City Partnership Torres. E. . Solid Waste Management in the Philippines Atienza. V. . Review of the Waste Management System in the Philippines: Enterprises to Promote Waste Segregation and Recycling through Good Governance Atienza. V. . A Breakthrough in Solid Waste Management through Participation and Community Mobilization: The Experience of Los Ba?os. Laguna. Philippines

Catalysis Definition in Chemistry

Catalysis Definition in Chemistry Catalysis is defined as increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by introducing a catalyst. A catalyst, in turn, is a substance that is not consumed by the chemical reaction, but acts to lower its activation energy. In other words, a catalyst is both a reactant and product of a chemical reaction. Typically, only a very small quantity of catalyst is required in order to catalyze a reaction. The SI unit for catalysis is the katal. This is a derived unit which is moles per second. When enzymes catalyze a reaction, the preferred unit is the enzyme unit. The effectiveness of a catalyst may be expressed using the turnover number (TON) or turnover frequency (TOF), which is TON per unit time. Catalysis is a vital process in the chemical industry. It is estimated that 90% of commercially-produced chemicals are synthesized via catalytic process. Sometimes the term catalysis is used to refer to a reaction in which a substance is consumed (e.g., base-catalyzed ester hydrolysis). According to the IUPAC, this is an incorrect usage of the term. In this situation, the substance added to the reaction should be called an activator rather than a catalyst. Key Takeaways: What Is Catalysis? Catalysis is the process of increasing the rate of a chemical reaction by adding a catalyst to it.The catalyst is both a reactant and product in the reaction, so it is not consumed.Catalysis works by lowing the activation energy of the reaction, making it more thermodynamically favorable.Catalysis is important! About 90% of commercial chemicals are prepared using catalysts. How Catalysis Works A catalyst offers a different transition state for a chemical reaction, with a lower activation energy. Collisions between reactant molecules are more likely to achieve the energy required to form products than without the presence of the catalyst. In some cases, one effect of catalysis is to lower the temperature at which a reaction will process. Catalysis does not change chemical equilibrium because it affects both the forward and reverse rate of reaction. It does not change the equilibrium constant. Similarly, the theoretical yield of a reaction is not affected. Examples of Catalysts A wide variety of chemicals may be used as catalysts. For chemical reactions that involve water, such as hydrolysis and dehydration, the proton acids are commonly used. Solids used as catalysts include zeolites, alumina, graphitic carbon, and nanoparticles. Transition metals (e.g., nickel) are most often used to catalyze redox reactions. Organic synthesis reactions may be catalyzed using noble metals or late transition metals, such as platinum, gold, palladium, iridium, ruthenium, or rhodium. Types of Catalysts The two main categories of catalysts are heterogeneous catalysts and homogeneous catalysts. Enzymes or biocatalysts may be viewed as a separate group or as belonging to one of the two main groups. Heterogeneous catalysts are those which exist in a different phase from the reaction being catalyzed. For example, solid catalysts the catalyze a reaction in a mixture of liquids and/or gases are heterogeneous catalysts. Surface area is critical to the functioning of this type of catalyst. Homogeneous catalysts exist in the same phase as the reactants in the chemical reaction. Organometallic catalysts are one type of homogeneous catalyst. Enzymes are protein-based catalysts. They are one type of biocatalyst. Soluble enzymes are homogeneous catalysts, while membrane-bound enzymes are heterogeneous catalysts. Biocatalysis is used for commercial synthesis of acrylamide and high-fructose corn syrup. Related Terms Precatalysts are substances that convert to become catalysts during a chemical reaction. There may be an induction period while the precatalysts are activated to become catalysts. Co-catalysts and promoters are names given to chemical species that aid catalytic activity. When these substances are used, the process is termed cooperative catalysis. Sources IUPAC (1997). Compendium of Chemical Terminology (2nd ed.) (the Gold Book). doi:10.1351/goldbook.C00876Knà ¶zinger, Helmut and Kochloefl, Karl (2002). Heterogeneous Catalysis and Solid Catalysts in Ullmanns Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a05_313Laidler, K.J. and Meiser, J.H. (1982). Physical Chemistry. Benjamin/Cummings. ISBN 0-618-12341-5.Masel, Richard I. (2001). Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis. Wiley-Interscience, New York. ISBN 0-471-24197-0.Matthiesen J, Wendt S, Hansen JØ, Madsen GK, Lira E, Galliker P, Vestergaard EK, Schaub R, Laegsgaard E, Hammer B, Besenbacher F (2009). Observation of All the Intermediate Steps of a Chemical Reaction on an Oxide Surface by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy.. ACS Nano. 3 (3): 517–26.  doi:10.1021/nn8008245

Hanging Upside Down is Fun! The Other Side of The Essay Expert

Hanging Upside Down is Fun! The Other Side of The Essay Expert Sometimes the greatest things to be acknowledged for are not work-related. I was therefore very excited to be featured in the Escape Adulthood blog. Escape Adulthood is a company whose mission is to â€Å"annihilate Adultitis†! As much as I am behind the mission of my own company, I’m thrilled to be part of this grand vision to bring lightness and childlike enthusiasm to the lives of as many people as possible! I hope you enjoy seeing this other side of The Essay Expert. Hint: I talk a lot about being upside down.

Visual analysis of an advertisement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Visual analysis of an advertisement - Essay Example This "Visual analysis of an advertisement" essay outlines the purpose of the image and its message of the Barnardo’s social campaign. The message of this image is straightforward and is embedded in the message at the top, right-hand corner which reads, â€Å"Abuse through prostitution steals children’s lives.† A young girl sits next to an older man in a situation that denotes child abuse and prostitution. The message of the image is to end child prostitution, trafficking and abuse by preventing and restoring the stolen childhood. The campaign with the visual was launched worldwide, intended for a global audience since child prostitution and trafficking is a global experience that happens everywhere (Aldrich, 2003). The image relates to the mindset of everyone, since even those who don’t have children were once children, and it is sad to imagine getting robbed of one’s innocence and childhood. By appealing to the emotions of the audience, the visual seeks to bring attitude change in the audience. Neutral colors are used to give the visual a lifeless effect to the look of the young girl (Aslam, 2006). The image shows a young girl with an aging face and a middle-aged man lying next to her. The aging and lifeless effect of the image means that the abuse of the young children through prostitution makes the children lifeless as a result of being abused by older men since her childhood. Furthermore, the child has a very distressing facial expression that shows the traumatic impact child prostitution has on the children.

Case analysis and presentation on the following...All about Chrysler, Study

Analysis and presentation on the following...All about Chrysler, Chrysler asks for financial Aid, and The Chrysler-Fiat Alliance - Case Study Example However in the 1970s a number of factors including the 1973 oil crisis almost brought the corporation to the verge of bankruptcy. In the 1980 a CEO known as Lee lacocca was brought in and he is remembered for having salvaged the company as it gained during his reign and it recovered from the situation that it was in (Derdak 85). Chrysler later merged with a German automaker-Daimler Benz AG in 1998 to form Daimler Chrysler. This merge was faced with a lot of opposition from its investors and it was later sold to Cerberus Capital Management and in 2007, it was rechristened to Chrysler LLC (Bayley and Hunter 88). Despite this, Chrysler was affected by the automotive industry crisis that occurred in the period between 2008 and 2010 and was declared bankrupt in 2009.By mid-2009, Chrysler emerged from bankruptcy proceedings with Fiat, U.S and Canadian governments among others as the sole owners. Over the next couple of years Fiat slowly acquired the shares of all the other partners due to unforeseen circumstances and by 2011, Fiat subordinately owned the Chrysler group wholly (Chassagnon 114). In order to repay the loan that the corporation owed the federal government, it had to seek for assistance from other institutions in order to ensure its survival and to avoid being bankrupt again. The corporation had been previously funded by the government to help it rise from bankruptcy (Bayley and Hunter 99). It further requested the Canadian government to fund their projects but it later withdrew the request. The corporation declined the support of the government in funding their projects claiming that they were being used as a political football. The corporation’s management stated that this would be disadvantageous to the company (Chassagnon 130). The management added that the issue of financial aid had been politicized. This issue came after some politicians claimed that the money that the corporation had requested was too much and was over beyond their

The Truth Behind Lies Essay Example for Free

The Truth Behind Lies Essay September 11, 2001 is the most tragic day in Americas history. These attacks were a series of United Airlines plane hijackings by Al-Qaeda radicals. Two planes hit the twin towers, one hit the pentagon, and another was aimed to hit either the White House or Capital Building but was crashed prematurely. Although the death count is not an exact number, it is estimated to be around three thousand people. There are many conspiracies surrounding this tragic event, which claim this attack was not one committed by terrorists, but by the United States government. Motifs for a staged attack would be to justify the invasion of Middle Eastern countries for geostrategic reasons. Healthy skepticism is expected when an event of this magnitude occurs but to completely put this off as an inside job is simply naà ¯ve. September 11, 2001 was a terrorist attack planned by radical leader, Osama Bin Laden, not a conspiracy by Americas government, and there is plenty of information to prove it. Conspiracy theorists make rash claims and provide their listeners with half facts when the entire truth has been unveiled. They lack credibility and see only what they wish to see while ignoring the blatantly obvious facts that are right in front of them. Many reasons have been given as to why this was an inside job, such as a lack of debris found at the crash site of Flight 93. Others say that jet fuel does not burn hot enough to melt the steel structures of the twin towers, and multiple explosions were heard and reported by those inside the buildings. Building 7 of the World Trade center was what many conspirators focused on. They stated that the building was demolished and that its lower supports had bombs planted on them that caused  the building to go down rather than fires created by debris from the two initial attacks. Another argument is that the hole in the pentagon, created by Flight 77, was much too small for an airliner to make and rather missiles were shot into the building. The reasons given for these attacks are clear; Countries such as Iraq and Afghanistan are rich in oil and all the United States government needed was a reason to invade. Of course all of these theories can be disproven when facts are brought to the table. Flight 93, on the date September 11, 2001 was a quarter full having forty four people on board including four suspected hijackers. The plane was a Boeing 757-222 on route from Newark International Airport to San Francisco International Airport in California (The Crash of Flight 93, 2). The Twin Towers were first hit at 8:46 AM Eastern Time (Flight 93, 4). At 9:23 the pilots of Flight 93 received a transmission warning of possible cock pit intrusion, and, at 9:26, forty minutes into the flight, three passengers put on headbands, stormed the cock pick, an took control of the plane (Flight 93, 6). Passengers were made aware of the hijacking, of what was happening in New York, and began calling loved ones to say good bye. They bravely made the decision to stop what was happening, overwhelm the hijackers, and crash the massive plane. The plane crashed head on going around five hundred miles per hour, into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania (Flight 93, 12). Conspiracy theorists argue that much too little debris was recovered from the crash site for a plane of that size to have hit. In the past when planes crash, debris is scattered everywhere but, in the case of Flight 93, there was very little debris to be seen. This is because most planes attempt to crash-land when a plane malfunctions, scattering debris all around. Due to the angle and amplitude the plane hit the ground at, the engine and black boxes were buried fifteen to twenty five feet underground, and were not discovered until weeks after. Other debris was found scattered up to eight miles from the initial crash zone (Flight 93, 29). Continuing, the twin towers supports were made from A36 steel, varying between four inches thick at the base, and a quarter inch thick at the top (Franco, 2). Jet fuel has a maximum burning temperature of 825 degrees Celsius and theorists have stated that jet fuel does not burn hot enough to  melt steel which has a melting point of 1,370 degrees Celsius (Kross, 1). While the steel was not melted, it became soft at 538 degrees Celsius (Kross, 3), and weakened to the point of being unable to support the 500,000 ton structure. Therefore, it is proven that burning jet fuel was the cause of the buildings collapse; not the explosions that were reported at the base of the building. No actual evidence has ever been found of any explosions separate to those made by the planes. These buildings were not systematically demolished, but rather taken down by the planes that crashed into them, just as was reported. Building seven of the World Trade Center (which was separate from the Twin Towers) also has controversy surrounding it. It is believed by conspirators that bombs were planted at the base of the building and that is what caused it to fall, this has no truth to it whatsoever and no evidence was found of any bombs. Building seven was only 400 feet away from the 1,300 foot Tower that was collapsing. As the Tower peeled open, a perimeter column fell creating a gaping twenty story hole in the building, and igniting numerous fires throughout (Benson, 35). Firefighters were preparing to enter the building when they were ordered to abandon it (Benson, 39), its collapse was imminent at that point. Conspirators argue that Building 7 should have collapsed to the side and not straight down like a building does when being demolished. Of course it collapsed straight down! It was a fifty story building made up of separate pieces instead of one solid building, just like the Towers (Benson, 60). This evidence further proves that anybody who believes the government is responsible for September 11, 2001 is drawing a story around the truth like a child drawing around their hand. The final piece of evidence that these theorists use it that the hole Flight 77 made in the pentagon was much too small for a plane to make, and there was too little wreckage from the plane recovered. French Author, Thierry Mason, concludes that the pentagon was not struck by a plane, but by a satellite guided missile, part of an elaborate United States Military coup. Mason argues that a 757 airliner has a wingspan of 125 feet, why was the hole only measured to be seventy five feet (The Pentagon, 24)? The truth is, a real jet does not punch a cartoon like outline of itself when hitting a  reinforced concrete fortress. The planes wing scraped the ground prior to full impact and the other was sheared off by the pentagons blast resistant columns (The Pentagon, 36). There was absolutely no lack of debris found either. Black boxes were found, engines were found, pieces of plane with United Airlines markings were found (The Pentagon, 97)! All of the claims made by conspirators lack one c rucial thing, any truth whatsoever. September 11, 2001 was a truly tragic event in our nations history and those who lost their lives will be remembered. It is disrespectful for conspiracy theorist to make such rash and absurd claims that the United States Government is responsible for their deaths. Conspiracy theorists have no actual hard evidence that anything they say is true and are simply telling lies on lies with a speckle of truth in between. If one was to look at the credibility of theorists such as those who produced the film Loose Change, a film attempting to persuade that September 11, 2001 was a government conspiracy, may second guess believing a word they say. It is important to educate ones self and not believe everything that is said like a child does. Look at the real proven facts and evidence and the answer will be apparent.

Reshaping Our Conception of the Amateur Astronomer Essay -- Explorator

Reshaping Our Conception of the Amateur Astronomer Until recently, if you had asked me to describe what I would have envisioned an astronomer to look like, I probably would have given you two alternate pictures; the first would be the academic or professional astronomer-aided by grants, funding agencies, university budgets, and access to the latest technology in the field. The other astronomer, then, would be the "amateur" astronomer: the wide-eyed observer whose sole passion in life is to design, build, and use telescopes of their own creation. While I am certain that both of these stereotypes exist, I was surprised to discover that there is indeed a third type of astronomer, namely the "serious amateur." The serious amateur falls somewhere in between my two previous categories; while the professional/academic astronomer would classify an amateur as "anyone who has not earned a graduate degree in astronomy...," the serious amateur would more likely view his or her non-professional status as a result of "...not earn(ing) his or her l iving from watching the skies." [1] Nonetheless, with the aid of recent developments in astronomical technology, a serious amateur astronomer now has the ability to aid professional astronomers by observing unrecorded (or underrecorded) stellar objects. Indeed, the present comet Hale-Bopp was simultaneously discovered by both a professional and a serious amateur astronomer alike. Therefore, in this article I would like to outline some of the new technological advances and new relations between serious amateurs and professional astronomers, give some examples of the "new" astronomer, and then analyze the changing role of the astronomer--including both the roles of the professional and of the se... ...ercury, p. 38. 5. Koch, Bernd. "Amateurs and the CCD Revolution." The Mercury, p. 40. 6. Fountain, Henry. "Backyard Astronomers Enlist as Foot Soldiers of Astrophysics." The New York Times, 3/18/97, C4. Bibliography:       http://www.halebopp.com    Jevons, F. R., Science Observed. London: George Allen & Unwin Limited, 1973.    Latour, Bruno. Science in Action. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1987.    Wilcox, Ken. "The Golden Age of Amateur Astronomy." The Mercury, volume 25, #1, Jan/Feb 1996. pp.32-35.    Bracher, Katherine. "Amateur Astronomy in America." The Mercury, volume 25, #4, Jul/Aug 1996. pp.7, 25-27.    Fountain, Henry. "Backyard Astronomers Enlist as Foot Soldiers of Astrophysics." The New York Times Tuesday, March 18, 1997 C4.    Koch, Bernd. "Amateurs and the CCD Revolution."Sky and Telescope, January 1997. pp. 38-42.

American Literature Essay

Works of art reflect the influences of the period, during which artists have created them. Any form of art exposes the trends prevailing in the period of time when the art was created. Paintings belonging to varied periods differ from each other, as the artists follow a style that is reminiscent of the period they lived in. Two such paintings which reflect the periods in which they were painted are Kindred Spirits by American Asher Durand and The Gross Clinic by American Thomas Eakins. The painting Kindred Spirits, painted in 1849 reflects Romanticism whereas the painting The Gross Clinic reflects Realism. In this paper we will analyze these two paintings and focus on the differences in ideas and attitudes expressed through the paintings. Differences The painting Kindred Spirits reflects the period of Romanticism during which the emphasis was placed on the depiction of feral nature in paintings. In this painting, Asher Durand has captured a rich and vibrant natural landscape. Although the painting depicts Thomas Cole and William Cullen Bryant, the natural landscape is more prominent in the painting. The natural features like Catskill Mountains, the Fawns Leap and the Kaaterskill Falls are incorporated in the landscape. Durand has removed himself from the painting and decided to include Cole whom he wanted to honor through his painting. But the one of the major characteristics of Durand’s landscape paintings is visible in this painting also and that is depiction of harmonious nature. â€Å"Durand’s landscapes almost always move toward harmony, and he located his own vision of landscape solidly within the aesthetic category of the â€Å"beautiful,† as this term was understood in the nineteenth century. † (PecK). The minute details of nature are highlighted by Durand. The depiction of a real landscape points out that Durand wished to bring forth a realist image of the nature rather than an idealized one where an imaginary landscape is depicted in a painting. The aesthetic beauty of nature is revered and admired by Durand. The painting The Gross Clinic presents a view which differs vastly from Romanticism. Being a realist painting, The Gross Clinic depicts a surgical theater where a surgery is being carried. A real event of surgery is depicted on the canvas, in spite of the fact that the scene was horrific. Through this painting, Eakins presents the reality of life in an audacious manner. The realist attitude of Eakins towards life is portrayed through his painting. The conditions in which a surgery was performed during the nineteenth century are presented in the painting. The painting Kindred Spirits provides a beautiful view of nature which is pleasant and soothing whereas the painting The Gross Clinic disturbs the mind of the looker. Eakins was more interested in the events that occurred in real life and he insisted on capturing those events in a realistic way. His painting The Gross Clinic is one such painting that focuses on a real event which is painful and disturbing but necessary to understand the life of that period. The atmosphere in a surgical theater, the naked human body and a distressed woman provide a grim but real picture of life. The display of nudity which prevailed in late Nineteenth Century is included in this painting in form of the naked human body upon which surgery is being performed. The pleasing beauty of nature, which is represented in the painting Kindred Spirits, contrasts with the horrifying depiction of a surgery in The Gross Clinic. Works Cited Peck, Daniel. Unlikely Kindred Spirits: A New Vision of Landscape in the Works of Henry David Thoreau and Asher B. Durand. American Literary History. 17:4(2005) 687-713. http://alh. oxfordjournals. org/cgi/content/ful

Off Balance Sheet Financing Practices Essay

OBSF is most of the times used by business enterprises to maintain their leverage or gearing positions in such a way which would not have any negative implications on the company. In the business world of today, OBSF is recognized as an important means for raising finance by means of operating leases, joint venture and collaborations with respect to R&D. Following Off Balance Sheet Financing method results in significant variations in the overall financial reporting of an entity. Considering the changes in accounting and financial reporting requirements, it is generally expected that the companies using these technique will be more able to run their operations efficiently. However, keeping in view the case of off balance sheet financing and accounting in this respect, it is argued that while using OBSF companies are able to not disclose entirely the financing of their capital expenditures and thus the information required to be disclosed in this respect is not made available to the interested parties (Tyrrell 1986). This report discusses this area of accounting and explains how OBSF is actually promoted by the market economies and the expectations of increased profits from the companies. The usage of off balance sheet accounting and financing is not new. In the beginning of 20th century, this concept of managing a company’s balance sheet gained fame and the banking and other corporate sector applied this technique in their best possible interest with the main objective of keeping their balance sheets light weighted. Apart from a benefiting role played by the off balance sheet ccounting techniques, there are some serious consequences which are often associated with the application of this concept. As for instance, it is argued that among many other reasons, the practices of off balance financing and accounting also had a significant share in the recent financial downturn (Allen, et al. 2002). In this regard, Enron would be a good example to look upon. While striving for a healthy outlook o f Enron’s balance sheet, the management made use of special purpose entities with the objective of making large transactions which would not appear on the balance sheet of the company. This resulted in a healthy balance sheet outlook with huge of amounts of capital inflows but at the expense of nothing. However, this bubble of progress did not last long as the company’s stock prices started fluctuating sharply and consistently. These events created a sense of being not informed entirely about the company’s operations among the investors and after the Enron’s climax, the regulators jumped in with Sarbanes Oxley Act 2002. The Act was aimed at securing the investments of investors and introducing regulations with respect to corporate social responsibility. But these checks proved to be ineffective upon the emergence of the financial crisis in 2008 (Hall and Liedtka 2007). Increase in the global competition and more expectations from the investors and shareholders to maximize their value of investments are regarded as the driving forces in the market which influence management to improve the financial picture of a company. In addition, these expectations pose pressure on the management to find ways which may result in better presentation of the financial statements and improved earnings (Boot and Thakor 1991). The Banking sector in particular and other sectors in general are mostly seen following this approach. As for instance, there has been observed a trend of investing in such portfolios and instruments which are regarded as high risk investments. But the intention behind this is to improve or strictly stating ‘inflate’ the earnings of an enterprise without having regard to the riskiness of such investment decisions and the fact that the stakeholders of the business need justification of such improvements in the performance in the form of financial statements disclosures. For the purposes of obtaining security on the risky investments, corporations tend to enter into complex third party arrangements which cannot be disclosed in the financial statements. Apart from this, one other motivating factor which is regarded as the major reason behind this approach of management is that they have their own interests and objectives. As for instance, managers are better off in their performance appraisals when the company is showing profits consistently (Boone and Raman 2001). The practices of off balance sheet financing and accounting, as stated earlier, comprise of operating leases, joint venture and collaborations with respect to R&D. Among these options, operating lease holds special importance and is given more consideration by the management due to the fact that they require minimum disclosures in the financial statements and are usually for a long term. Lease accounting is covered by IAS 17, SSAP 21 (UK) and FAS 13 (USA) (McGerty 2004, Lim, Mann and Mihov 2005). Prior to the formulation of these accounting standards, there were no obligations on the companies to disclose in their financial statements the future payments related to lease and therefore leasing was recognized as an off balance sheet financing technique. Apart from leasing techniques, there are various other methods being employed by different companies to move certain items off the balance sheet of the company. The use of off balance sheet techniques has been used to manipulate things. The most commonly used techniques to manipulate the financial information presented in the balance sheet of a company include swaps, variable interest entities (VIEs) and Special Purpose Entities (SPEs) (Ketz 2003). Although these tools have been used by companies around the world for different purposes which are mostly disclosed and transparent but the misuse of these tools has been also observed frequently by way of not disclosing the true facts. This practice has caused major setbacks to the global economy and also shattered the confidence of shareholders and investors (Hall and Liedtka 2007). As for instance, the collapse of Lehman Brothers is argued to have resulted due to off balance sheet approach followed by the company. In order to narrow down its balance sheet, Lehman Brothers moved its assets worth US dollar 50 billion from its balance sheet with the objective of portraying less amount of debt in the balance sheet (Rezny 2010). Keeping in view the above discussion and the facts stated related to the real world cases, it can be said that it is high time for the respective authorities to take measures in relation to this area of financial reporting. It is recommended that the governmental authorities and other financial reporting standards issuing bodies shall intervene appropriately through the right channels to ensure transparency in the financial reporting. Apart from this, the board of directors of corporations shall standardize the decision making processes and perform an effective oversight duty. In addition, it shall be made obligatory for business enterprises notwithstanding the sectors into which they fall, that every transaction shall be disclosed appropriately in the financial statements. Furthermore, the managers shall be motivated not pressurized to perform in the best interest of the organizations (Adams 1998). While concluding this report, it can be said that applying off balance sheet accounting and financing, whether for a good or evil purpose, has become necessary due to the increased expectations of the investors and shareholders related to the profitability of a business concern and also for the purposes of improving the financial statements overlook. Moreover, the lack of regulatory measures in this respect also has its share in promoting the adoption of this approach. Apart from this, it can also be stated that the benefits resulting from off balance sheet accounting are also considered as a means of attaining hidden objectives by managers which in turn motivates them to misuse the concept and benefit from the regulatory loopholes. For the purposes of addressing these issues, it is pertinent that the regulatory authorities who are responsible shall make such arrangements which may promote such financial reporting practices which are more representative of the facts. In addition to this, the disclosure requirements related to off balance sheet accounting and financing activities are required to be revisited.

What is Urban Fantasy Definition and Examples

What is Urban Fantasy Definition and Examples What is Urban Fantasy? Definition and Examples Urban fantasy is perhaps one of the most exciting subgenre fantasies right now. From werewolves in Manhattan to gnomes in suburban gardens, it is a major part of the movement that is re-defining â€Å"fantasy† in the 21st-century.But what is urban fantasy exactly - and where can you go to read more of it? This guide is here to help, along with a few tips on how to write urban fantasy in this magical subgenre.What is urban fantasy?Urban fantasy describes a subgenre of fantasy in which the real world collides with the decidedly supernatural or magical world. Sounds simple, right? Think again! Fantasy and its subgenres are notoriously elastic, making the definition of â€Å"urban fantasy† decidedly open-ended. In the past, the term’s been used to describe a fantasy story that is set in:a city in an alternate world,a city in the modern world, orthe modern world.These days, this is the understanding that is most widespread: to be an urban fantasy, the story simply ne eds to be a fantasy with supernatural elements that is set in our world and modern time. Under this definition, the â€Å"urban† in â€Å"urban fantasy† is a bit of a red herring. So long as there are supernatural elements, the story can take place in either a modern New York City or Milwaukee, and it will still count.Urban fantasy stories also generally have strong tropes, such as gritty action, a noir feel, and a procedural plot (and we’ll get into this later in this post). This is why you’ll commonly hear the Sookie Stackhouse series, which is actually set in a rural small-town, labeled as an â€Å"urban fantasy† - whereas Harry Potter, for instance, rarely is.How does it differ from paranormal romance?Paranormal fantasy and urban fantasy are two birds of the same feather, which explains why they’re confused so often! Both are speculative fiction with supernatural elements in a real-world setting. Both also feature a romantic plot or sub plot in some shape or form.However, romance is the main plot and primary conflict in paranormal romance, while it is generally a subplot in urban fantasy. More than that, urban fantasies are known to have gritty violence and a tone that can get so dark it might even touch the horror genre. Keeping that mind, let’s see what urban fantasy looks like in action.Examples of urban fantasyThe best way to learn what is urban fantasy is to look at some examples! Here are two urban fantasy books that helped define the genre.American Gods by Neil GaimanIn the bygone days, people in the United States believed in gods and mythological beings. Indeed, immigrants brought leprechauns, elves, and all sorts of magical spirits with them when they came to the U.S. However, the influence of these deities has begun waning as belief in them dies and people turn their attention to the new gods: media and technology.This is the stage of Gaiman's acclaimed novel, which begins with an ex-convict, Shado w, being accosted by a Mr. Wednesday, who is not all that he seems. Shadow soon discovers he is standing in the middle of a war between America's ideological past and future - with nothing less than the country's fate hanging in the balance.Why is it a good sample of urban fantasy? American Gods is a 21st century classic of the genre: a grand fusion of fantasy and the modern world that doesn’t forget to explore the ramifications of such a mindmeld. Defying genre expectations, also  American Gods is not situated in a city. Instead, Shadow’s road trip is set mostly in America’s liminal spaces - its rest stops, motels, and small towns.The Dresden Files by Jim ButcherIn an embattled Chicago where vampires, demons, werewolves, and fairies co-exist with humans, Harry Dresden is the world’s only â€Å"consulting wizard.† Hired by humans and supernatural beings alike to solve everything from murders to rogue bakus, he has to get by on his private inves tigator’s salary, even as his work thrusts him into the darkest - and most magical - corners of gritty Chicago.Why is it a good sample of urban fantasy? Another classic in the genre - and a popular example of the way that traditional P.I. plots and fantasy collide in urban fantasy.And if you’d like the whole buffet of urban fantasy: head over to this Reedsy Discovery post of  20 best urban fantasy books  or this post that contains  33 best vampire books. You can also check out this list of the 100 best fantasy series ever, which includes a number of urban fantasy seriesPRO-TIP: To get early and exclusive access to new indie urban fantasy books, consider signing up for Reedsy Discovery! It's free and you'll be the first to discover tomorrow's bestsellers in the genre.How to write urban fantasyConfident that you know what urban fantasy is now and want to give writing it a go? Great. Here are some tips to help you along.1. Know the tropes How to Create a Character Profile: the Ultimate Guide (with Template) Read post Urban fantasies are also character-driven at heart. First person point of views abound, letting readers inside the head of the protagonist. It would be well worth your time to sit down and figure out the key details of your character, including their motivation and backstory. If you need help, you can grab this free fillable character profile.The best part of writing urban fantasy is that there’s so much room to explore. Now that you have a framework for the genre, it’s up to you to pick up that pen - and let your imagination carry you the rest of the way.Do you write or read urban fantasy? Leave your thoughts (and book recommendations) in the comments below!

Biography of Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese General

Biography of Vo Nguyen Giap, Vietnamese General Vo Nguyen Giap (August 25, 1911–October 4, 2013) was a Vietnamese general who led the Viet Minh during the First Indochina War. He later commanded the Vietnam Peoples Army during the Vietnam War. Giap was the deputy prime minister of Vietnam from 1955 to 1991. Fast Facts: Vo Nguyen Giap Known For: Giap was a Vietnamese general who commanded the Vietnam Peoples Army and orchestrated the capture of Saigon.Also Known As: Red NapoleonBorn: August 25, 1911 in Lá »â€¡ Thá » §y,  French IndochinaParents: Và µ Quang Nghià ªm and Nguyá »â€¦n Thá »â€¹ Kià ªnDied: October 4, 2013 in Hanoi, VietnamEducation: Indochinese UniversitySpouse(s): Nguyen Thi Minh Giang (m. 1939–1944), Dang Bich Ha (m. 1946)Children: Five Early Life Born in the village of An Xa on August 25, 1911, Vo Nguyen Giap was the son of Và µ Quang Nghià ªm and Nguyá »â€¦n Thá »â€¹ Kià ªn. At the age of 16, he began attending a French lycà ©e in Hue but was expelled after two years for organizing a student strike. He later attended the University of Hanoi, where he earned degrees in political economy and law. After departing school, he taught history and worked as a journalist until he was arrested in 1930 for supporting student strikes. Released 13 months later, Giap joined the Communist Party and began protesting against French rule of Indochina. During the 1930s, he also worked as a writer for several newspapers. Exile and World War II In 1939, Giap married fellow socialist Nguyen Thi Quang Thai. Their marriage was brief, as he was forced to flee to China later that year following the French outlawing of communism. While in exile, his wife, father, sister, and sister-in-law were arrested and executed by the French. In China, Giap joined with Ho Chi Minh, the founder of the Vietnamese Independence League (Viet Minh). Between 1944 and 1945, Giap returned to Vietnam to organize guerilla activity against the Japanese. Following the end of World War II, the Viet Minh was given authority by the Japanese to form a provisional government. First Indochina War In September 1945, Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam and named Giap as his interior minister. The government was short-lived, however, as the French soon returned to take control of the area. Since the French were unwilling to recognize Ho Chi Minhs government, fighting soon broke out between the French and the Viet Minh. Given command of the Viet Minhs military, Giap soon found that his men could not defeat the better-equipped French and he ordered a withdrawal to bases in the countryside. With the victory of Mao Zedongs communist forces in China, Giaps situation improved, as he gained a new base for training his men. Over the next seven years, Giaps Viet Minh forces successfully drove the French from most of North Vietnams rural areas; however, they were unable to take control of any of the regions towns or cities. At a stalemate, Giap began attacking into Laos, hoping to draw the French into battle on the Viet Minhs terms. With French public opinion swinging against the war, the commander in Indochina, General Henri Navarre, sought a quick victory. To accomplish this he fortified Dien Bien Phu, which was situated along the Viet Minhs supply lines to Laos. It was Navarres goal to draw Giap into a conventional battle where he could be crushed. To deal with the new threat, Giap concentrated all of his forces around Dien Bien Phu and surrounded the French base. On March 13, 1954, his men opened fire with newly obtained Chinese guns. Surprising the French with artillery fire, the Viet Minh slowly tightened the noose around the isolated French garrison. Over the next 56 days, Giaps troops captured one French position at a  time until the defenders were compelled to surrender. The victory at Dien Bien Phu effectively ended the First Indochina War. In the ensuing peace accords, the country was partitioned, and Ho Chi Minh became the leader of communist North Vietnam. Vietnam War In the new government, Giap served as the minister of defense and commander-in-chief of the Peoples Army of Vietnam. With the outbreak of hostilities with South Vietnam, and later the United States, Giap led North Vietnams strategy and command. In 1967, Giap helped oversee the planning for the massive Tet Offensive. Giap was initially opposed to a conventional attack; he had goals that were both military and political. In addition to achieving a military victory, Giap hoped the offensive would spark an uprising in South Vietnam and show that American claims about the wars progress were wrong. While the 1968 Tet Offensive proved to be a military disaster for North Vietnam, Giap was able to achieve some of his political objectives. The offensive showed that North Vietnam was far from being defeated and significantly contributed to changing American perceptions about the conflict. Following Tet, peace talks began, and the United States ultimately withdrew from the war in 1973. Following the American departure, Giap remained in command of North Vietnamese forces and directed General Van Tien Dung and the Ho Chi Minh campaign that finally captured the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon in 1975. Death With Vietnam reunified under communist rule, Giap remained minister of defense. After retiring, he authored several military texts, including Peoples Army, Peoples War and Big Victory, Great Task. He died on October 4, 2013, at Central Military Hospital 108 in Hanoi. Legacy Giap was much admired for his military skills, even by leaders in the West, some of whom referred to the Vietnamese general as Red Napoleon. Giap had no formal military training; nevertheless, he was able to drive the Americans to a stalemate in Vietnam and capture the city of Saigon from the South Vietnamese. Sources Lawrence, Mark Atwood.  The Vietnam War: a Concise International History. Oxford University Press, 2010.Warren, James A.  Giap: the General Who Defeated America in Vietnam. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

Wall street journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 2

Wall street journal - Essay Example It has also been equipped with Apple’s Touch ID fingerprint reader. The Touch ID allows users to purchase items within apps by using Apple Pay payment services in addition to also acting as a security feature (Wakabayashi, 2014). In July 2013, Apple announced that it would work with International Business Machines Corp so as to develop iPad and iPhone apps that would cater to the workplace. By positioning the iPad as a possible PC replacement for the newly emergent generation of workers, Apple is noted to be aiming at attempting to answer the existential question noted to be facing tablet computers as technology continues to evolve. As smartphones continue to grow bigger with more powerful processors and larger screens, this trend is noted to be visible in Apple’s own products as is demonstrated in the case of the newly released iPhone 6 plus which comes with a 5.5-inch display that is nearly encroaching on iPad Mini’s 7.9-inch screen. Having been the first tablet computer in 2010, Wakabayashi (2014) points out that the iPad was largely a runaway success but demand for the product has started to gradually slow. A key reason as to why the sale of tablets is gradually decreasing is that people that own iPads are not replacing their tablet computers nearly as often as they tend to swap their phones. It is estimated that about 46% of the iPads that are currently in use are the original iPad and iPad 2 that were initially introduced in 2010 and 2011 respectively. The new iPad Air 2 is largely expected to help drive what will be â€Å"an upgrade cycle† among the currently existing owners of iPads. Other than the iPad Air 2, Apple also plans on unveiling a new iPad Mini 3, that will come with Touch ID as well as a new iMac personal computer. To compete with lower priced rivals that run Google Inc’s Android operating system, Apple cut the price of last year’s iPad model down to $299 while that for its previous iPad minis was reduced to $249. Apple is also

Application of ERP within a particular sector or type of organisation Essay

Application of ERP within a particular sector or type of organisation - Essay Example It goes a long into maintaining the businesses production and competitive edge while most businesses are struggling to produce. In this paper, various case studies on the applications of ERP will be discussed. It is proposed that more should be considered in the implementation process; careful transition management, bureaucracy, network organization and most importantly culture readiness. Management should prepare the employees so that the transition is smooth and successful. Data collected was secondary. Lessons on how ERP helped curb organizational problems is discussed and explained in depth. Recommendations and possible solutions are provided too (Al-Mudimigh 2001). ERP systems usually organize a company’s resource accordingly in order to render them profitable, efficient and productive. This study focuses on the stages that should be applied in instilling the appropriate strategies in most organizations for the purpose of implementing Enterprise Resource Planning. In organizations where this strategy is embraced, enormous and distinguished performance is perceived. If this is the case, it denotes that inevitable and dramatic failures have being too vivid due to the strongholds resistances for the change. It is a common issue when making any implementation of the operation of a company or any organization, resistance happens to be a barrier from the working mate amongst other barriers. These impediments may at-most end up sabotaging the change that was intended and counteract innovation and creativity. Employee’s environment plays a critical role in gauging the level of productivity for any firm it being profit oriented or non-pro fit oriented. This study cultivates on the challenges encountered with implementation of ERP and the prospective approaches for dealing with them (Strauss 2000). Service companies as well are in demand of the use of ERP services in their day to day operations (Davenport

Explore peter hollindales claim that peter pan retains its magical Essay

Explore peter hollindales claim that peter pan retains its magical elasticity and its ongoing modernity with reference to differ - Essay Example Indeed, Peter Hollindale argues that whilst some 20th century literature is best interpreted within its historical backdrop; Peter Pan remains relevant (Hollindale, 2005). To this end, Hollindale posits that â€Å"Peter Pan retains its magical elasticity and its ongoing modernity† and this paper critically evaluates this statement with specific reference to different versions of Peter Pan since its original production. In supporting his argument, Hollindale refers to the centenary of the first performance of Peter Pan, which was marked throughout various media modes in the UK from television to radio. However Hollindale refers to the argument of drama critic Michael Billington that whilst television is often fixated with the first half of the 20th century; the continued importance accorded to Peter Pan in production is justified due to the character providing a microcosm of human nature particularly in respect of obsession with youth (Hollindale, 2005). For example, Peter Pan arguably symbolises a wealth of different universal elements tied to childhood which transcends time to sustain contemporary relevance. Moreover, it is submitted that the emotional needs of a child remains the same regardless of culture, history, and environment (Rose, 1993). This is further reflected through Barrie’s narrative as academic commentary has opined that Barrie's desire in writing Peter Pan was to write about the adventures of his own childhood mixing it with fantasy (Rose, 1993). He was highly influenced by his mother's non-acceptance of his elder brother’s death and constantly dressed in his clothing to make his mother happy. This marked him for life and contributed to one of Peter Pan's attributes of never wanting to grow up. In turn Peter Pan remains a paradoxical figure, where he symbolises eternal youth on the one hand; which are juxtaposed against the ramifications of not growing up within the backdrop of the harsh world (Rose, 1993 ). Other childhoo d experiences which seen in the narrative play The Boy Casteways, which was influential in determining other important elements (Rose, 1993). For example, it is submitted that Neverland was the Black Lake Island and Tinkerbell was a firefly. Additionally, Nana was the Saint Bernard dog, Llewellyn Davies, P, the boy Casteways. Moreover, by the time Peter Pan was published in 1904, Barrie had become a prolific play writer in London, with Peter Pan featuring prominently in Barrie’s characteristic fusion of social commentary and fantasy (Barrie 1927). Additionally, the consistent narrative of the Peter Pan story reflects the consistency of the quest for eternal youth and issues impacting childhood, which remain universally applicable (Rose, 1993). For example, the story of Peter Pan never changes and the lives of Wendy, John and Michael consists of rules, school, playing make believe, baths, rules, parents, and beds. They have their own make believe lives where they tell stories about pirates and adventures. Every child has his own Neverland, a concise place in his mind where he has his own private thoughts and fears. One night they are awakened suddenly and three children, who are bored with their lives, are invited on the adventure of their life. They leave as children, seeing their lives through the small key lock of their room; and come back seeing life through the

Safety In Maldives Construction Industry Construction Essay

Safety In Maldives Construction Industry Construction Essay Construction industry is a very unique industry in terms of all aspects and stages compare to other fixed workplace like factories. Most of the actual work is done by using human labor. Construction industry has been considered as a highly hazardous industry because of the high incidence of accidents and fatality rate. To improve the image of the industry, stakeholders should follow an accepted standard guideline of health and Safety (HS) in construction industry. Providing a safe and health workplace is a key to success in business (B.Ahmodn et al, 2006). Accidents and property damage create great impact to stakeholders of the project such as delays in operation and also directly and indirectly incur cost. Therefore, its an obligation of the construction companies to provide a health and safe workplace for their employees and for public. International Labour Organization (ILO) Constitution sets forth the principle that workers should be protected from sickness, disease and injury arising from their employment (ILO.ORG). According to ILO estimates, 55,000 people suffer fatal injuries every year. She also mentioned main cause of fatal injuries in construction in any country is by falling from heights, and this is principally due to the lack of proper edge protection in a variety of construction tasks (Fiona, 2002). This research is based on the health and safety in Maldives construction industry, and will provide an overview about the health and safety in develop and developing country. 1.2 Problem Statement Construction industry is an important sector in Maldives economy. But accidents, injuries, fatalities continue to occur on construction site, generally construction industry have lack of awareness on the importance of health and safety. Health and safety in construction industry is far extensive than a worker wearing a safety helmet and safety shoes at site. Health and safety is a attitude that identifies and reduces job site hazardous throughout the lifecycle of a work project. Major concern need to be deal with is the lack of national regulations outline health and safety obligation at nations construction sites. There are no laws encouraging construction companies to adopt in workplace. Most stakeholders of the industry have overlooked on occupational safety and health (OSH) due to lack of regulation or guideline to follow. Little or no attention is given to health and safety, as stakeholders are not setting aside money to ensure health and safety is being met. Furthermore, most construction project meetings do not address health and safety as an agenda item, which is a further indication of lack of commitment to health and safety. 1.3 Aim of the Research The aim of this research is to describe develop a standard health and safety guide line for Maldives construction industry. 1.4 Research Objectives The objectives of this study are: To identify construction industry health and safety in a developing country and a developed country. To determine the health and safety in Maldives construction industry. To develop a standard guideline for health and safety in Maldives construction industry. 1.5 Scope of Research Scope of the research is based on Maldives capital city Male. The research focuses on the health and safety awareness and current practice of health and safety in Maldives construction companies. CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW TO IDENTIFY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY HEALTH AND SAFETY IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY AND A DEVELOPED COUNTRY. 2.1 Introduction Major sources of the difference of health and safety performance in developing and developed countries are management commitment, supervisory environment, training and competence level (Teo, Haupt Feng 2008:497). A study done in Tanzania, a developing country, suggest that the main reason for the awful situation of health and safety on construction sites are due to the lack of necessary commitment from key stakeholders that include the government. Study also indicated that the government and its agencies have been weak in monitoring and enforcing the laws governing health and safety on construction sites and also lack of human and financial resources has disperse from developed countries (Mwombeki, 2006:426). Research carried out in developing countries that included African countries, such as Egypt, Malawi, Nigeria, Botswana and South Africa revealed that (Cibb Bust, 2006: 65-77): Lack of support from clients on health and safety ideas; Priority on health and safety is not same as developed countries; Health and safety regulations are inadequately enforced by authorities. This chapter will describe an overview of health and safety in Malaysia as a developing country and UK as a developed country. 2.2 Health and Safety in Malaysia Construction Industry In todays modern society, occupational safety and health has become an important subject in terms of financial, ethical and legislative. To survive in the global competitive market, companies are adopting to safeguard occupants health and safety. Most companys strong safety and health programs may actually mean survival. According to 3rd June 2012 Boreno Post online news, Social Security Organization (SOCSO) is targeting five per cent reduction in workplace accidents this year. Branch manager Dundang Undong stated that a total of RM4.3million was made out in compensation claims for 1,497 cases of workplace accidents last year. SOCSO 2003 report on construction industry shows that 4,654 accident cases were reported. The total death cases are 882 from all industries and out of that 92 cases are from construction industry which is 11.56% of total death percentage of the industry. SOSCO report only involves Malaysian workers and not included foreign workers (SOSCO, 2003). A study by Chai G. Mei on An analysis of accidents statistics in Malaysia construction sector tabled a summary of major accidents in Malaysias construction industry as in table 1. The study also mentioned of about rise of accidents in the construction industry occurred every month on year 2997. Table 1: Summary of major accidents in Malaysias construction industry from 2005-2008 2005 2006 2007 2008 1) Tower crane broke into two and fell onto four Indonesian construction workers at a construction site building apartment located at Batu 14, Puchong. 1) Landslide occurred at a construction site located at Taman Desa, Kuala Lumpur buried; killed a 35 year old Indonesian man at about 3.30pm while he was working on some iron steel beam foundations for the fiveblock 609 units condominium complexes 1) Death of two workers and severe injuries on ten workers at The Pavillion Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Bukit Bintang construction site where the cables of the workmens lift at the posh condominium and shopping complex project snapped and plummeted 15 metres to the ground. 1) Two Malaysian construction workers were buried alive by excavated sand pile in a 3.6m deep sewer trench at Taman Merbau phase two construction site in Changlun. 2) Iron mould weighing almost two tonnes fell from 20 storey condominiums under construction onto Dr. Liew Boon Horngs BMW; killed him and Severely injured his wife and the driver at Plaza Damas located along Jalan Hartamas. 2) Negligence of three construction companies, led to the death of another Indonesian worker on 15 May 2006 located at Lot 206, Section 63, Lorong Binjai where a 32-storey of 100 units apartment was to be built. 2) Death of two Malaysian construction workers, buried alive four meters deep in a landslide while working on the fencing located at Taman Merbau 2, Fasa III at Kubang, Pasu 2) Twenty five foreign workers escaped without major injuries when the structure they were standing gave way in one of the construction sites in Kuching. 3) Two sides collapsed of a bridge that was under construction at 3.2 kilometers of the Klang Valley Highway that caused the death of two Bangladesh workers. 3) One foreign construction site worker died; another colleague severely injured at the construction site of the prestigious KK Times Square commercial complex after piles of sand fell on them in Kota Kinabalu. 4) Three Indonesian construction workers fell from scaffolding to their deaths when they slipped from the top floor of a 21-storey condominium under construction and landed on the fifth floor at Taman Tampoi Indah. 5) Bricks fell from the construction site in Taman Bukit Angkasa, Kerinchi on several cars parked at the nearby flats during a three hour downpour 6) Eight huge concrete beams with a measurement of at least 40m long and 70 tonnes weight of an uncompleted flyover near Nilai collapsed, which narrowly missed a motorist and his aged parents. Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) enacted in year 1994 by the Government of Malaysia. Section 4, objective of act under OSHA 1994 mentioned: to secure the safety, health and welfare of persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work; to protect persons at a place of work other than persons at work against risks to safety or health arising out of the activities of persons at work; to promote an occupational environment for persons at work which is adapted to their physiological and psychological needs; The Department of Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH) Ministry of Human Resources and other government agencies have regulation and legal requirement to ensure the safety and health of not only workers, but also the public. . DOSH policy consists of: To prepare and preserve a workplace with a safe and healthy working system To ensure that all staff are provided with the relevant information, instruction, training and supervision regarding methods to carry out their duties in a safe manner and without causing any risk to health; To investigate all accidents, diseases, poisonous and/or dangerous occurrences, and to have action to ensure that these occurrences will not be repeated; To comply with all requirements of legislations related to safety and health as stated in the Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994, as well as regulations and codes of practice which have been approved; (www.dosh.gov.my). Construction site create risk not only for the construction workers, but also for the public. Therefore the general public must be protected from hazards associated with the construction work that may be carried out in a public area or adjacent to such area (DOSH). Department of Occupational Safety and Health Guidelines for Public Safety and Health at Construction Sites: DOSH, Guidelines for Public Safety and Health at Construction Site, is a guideline endorsed by the Departments Jawatankuasa Semakan Dasar chaired by the Director General of the Department of Occupational Safety and Health. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance to employers on how good work practice can be carried out on every activity in the construction to prevent accidents to the workers and public. Below describes some of the sections of the guideline: Section 4 Notification of an Operation describes the section 35 under Factories and machineries Act 1967 that every work or engineering construction must inform DOSH not less than seven days before commencement of work unless the work can be completed within six days. Section 6 of the guidelines is about the Safety and Health Organization and under this section it has mentioned about the employers obligation to prepare written general policy with respect to the safety and health at work of his employees and the organization and arrangements to carry out the policy. Following are the sub sections for section 6: 6.1- Safety and health Policy 6.2- Safety and Health Committee 6.3- Occupational Safety and Health System 6.4- Safety and Health Officer 6.5- Site Safety Supervisor 6.6- Contractor Safety Supervisor Section 7 describes the General Duties of the Employers according to the section 16, of OSHA 1994. Section 8 describes the General Duties of the Architects, Engineers and Designers stating that a safe design and construction must be considered to the safety of the workers and the public. Designers, architects should not include anything in the design that leads to unsafe construction procedure and create undue hazards. Section 8 also describes about the safety and health facilities to be included in design for such work to be performed with minimum risk. Section 9: Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) Section 10: Emergency Response Plan Section 11: Hoarding Section 12: Movement of Vehicular Traffic Section 13: Disconnection of Utilities Section 14: Demolition Section 15: Blasting and use of Explosive Section 16: Removal of Debris Section 17: Site Clearing Section 18: Excavation Work Section 19: Piling Work Section 20: Superstructure 20.1 Scaffolds 20.2 Safety Nets and Peripheral Nets 20.3 Catch Platforms 20.4 Concrete Work Section 21: Finishes Section 22: Use of Hoisting Equipment 22.1: General 22.2: Erection 22.3: Jacking 22:4: Operation 22.5: Inspection and Testing 22.6: Maintenance and Repair 22.7: Dismantling 22.8: Crane Storage (DOSH Ministry of Human Resources) Table 2 shows the number of occupational death rates from 2007 to 2011 within the 10 industries. The death rate in the construction industry is the highest in year 2007, the total number of 95 deaths. But statistic has dropped to 51 in year 2011 which is a good phenomenon for the construction industry. Table 2: Number of Occupational Death Rates 2007-2011 Industrial Categories / Year Number of Occupational Death Rates 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Manufacturing 63 76 63 59 45 Mining Quarrying 9 6 3 1 7 Construction 95 72 71 66 51 Agriculture 30 42 44 30 41 Utility 10 19 23 11 5 Transport / Communication 2 8 18 14 11 Trade 3 0 0 0 1 Hotel Restaurant 0 1 0 0 2 Financial Insurance 4 4 1 1 6 Public Services 3 2 1 3 7 Total 219 230 224 185 176 Source: DOSH 2011 Figure 1 shows the statistic by DOSH on occupational accidents by sector in 2011. It shows that 51 deaths, 43 non permanent disability and 5 permanent disability in construction industry. Figure 1: Statistic of occupational accidents by sector 2011- source DOSH In the Construction Industry Master Plane (CIMP) 2006-2015 highlighted about Strive for the highest standard of occupational safety and health. It stated that, long term development of the industry requires accountability of the stakeholders to achieve the highest standard of occupational safety and health. To achieve this standard, stakeholders awareness must be increase and to implementation of occupational safety and health management system (OSHMS). Furthermore, to develop occupational safety and health program need to raise awareness, education and training, enforcement of legislation, guide line and codes (CIDB :2008). 2.3 Health and Safety in Great Britain Construction Industry Great Britain has a 150 years history of health and safety regulation. The current health and safety act is called Health and Safety at work (HSW) Act 1974. This Act has been modified in 2008 to provide integrated institutional structure and legal framework for health and safety regulation. Health and safety law is enforced by health and safety executive (HSE) in many workplaces ranging from health and safety in nuclear installation and mines through to factories, school and hospitals. According to HSE guide, health and safety inspectors have important statutory power as they can enter any premises without any warning. And if they are not satisfied with the level of health and safety, they can issue information and advice, issue improvement notices requiring problems to be put right within a specified time, serve a prohibition notice stopping activity either with immediate or deferred effect, and (in England and Wales) prosecute for the most serious failings (hse.gov.uk). According to HSE statistic, there is a significant reductions in the number and rate of injury over the last 20 years or more. Yet, construction remains a high risk industry. Although it accounts for only about 5% of the employees in Britain it still accounts for 27% of fatal injuries to employees and 9% of reported major injuries. In 2010 to 2011 there were 50 fatal injuries to workers. The number of fatality injures to employees has been reduced by two-thirds compared with 20 years ago. It also stated that over 5000 occupational cancer cases are estimated to arise each year as a result of past exposures in the construction sector (HSE, 2011). Figure 2: 20 year trend in worker fatalities- source:www. hse.gov.uk CHAPTER 3 : LITERATURE REVIEW TO DETERMINE HEALTH AND SAFETY IN MALDIVES CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY 3.1 Introduction This chapter will provide some information and facts about Maldives in general and also will determine the health and safety in Maldives construction industry. 3.1.1 General Information on Maldives Table 3: General information of Maldives Government Type Republic Independence July 26, 1985 (formerly a British protectorate) No of Atolls 20 Area Spread over 115,300 sq. km square kilometers in the Indian Ocean southwest of India The capital Male Population (2009 est.): 314,000 (plus 80,000 expatriate workers who are not counted in the census). The life expectancy 74 years Language Dhivehi (official); English considered as second language Currency MVR 15.50 (Rufiyaa) = USD 1 GDP 2010 total USD 926 million, USD 2896 per capita. Weather and Climate Tropical, two monsoon in a year, annual mean temperature 28.3Â °C Literacy 97% Sources: Department of National Planning 2010, UNDP, 2011 3.1.2 Geography For administrative purpose 1,192 (Inhabited 194, Uninhabited 998) islands are further divided in to 20 atolls (Department of National Planning, 2010). Among these islands, only four islands have a population of 5,000 or more and only 10 islands are larger than 2.5sq km (R. Bassam 2011). 3.2 Maldives Construction Industry The construction industry has contributed 10 percent of the GDP and accounts for 5 percent of the national employment data (The World Bank, 2006). With the growth of tourism, and the Tsunami-reconstruction activities, construction industry to the economy is to expect to grow significantly ( Seventh National Development Plane 2006-2010). Of the total labor force of the construction industry, more than 70 percent is provided by expatriate labor; particularly at the skilled and unskilled levels. Most of the top level managers have university degree or diploma-level training in addition to work experience in the industry. Of the total employment about 10 percent are professionals (Architects, Engineers, QS or PM), while the rest consists of 34 percent skilled and 56 percent unskilled workers. (The World Bank, 2006). 3.2.1 Maldives Association of Construction Industry (MACI) Construction companies of Maldives with the support of Maldives Government established MACI on 30th October 2001. MACI is the official representative of construction industry in Maldives with 46 members actively involved in improving the construction industry. Objective of MACI is to combine all relative services in construction to develop and promote a united industry. The Association aims to achieve greater professionalism and quality in construction industry (www.business.com.mv) 3.3 Health and Safety in Maldives Construction Industry. On September 30th 2012, a local newspaper reported that the small number of building site deaths recoded in the Maldives recent years is more the result of good fortune rather than industry commitment to safety. The report was regarding the death of a Bangladeshi national working in the capital Male fell from the sixth floor of a building site on 19th June 2012. The employee was not believed to be wearing any safety gear when he died (Minivan News, 2012). President of the MACI, Mohamed Ali Janah told Minivan News that he believed a lack of national regulations outlining health and safety responsibility at the national building sites. He mentioned that judging the standard of occupational health and safety in Maldives construction sites there were very few places in the world that would approve the way the work is conducted. (Minivan News, 30th Sep 2012). Health and safety has been an issue for years in Maldives construction industry. Clients are also not setting aside money to ensure health and safety measures are being met and stakeholders do not understand the importance of health and safety in site (MACI, 2012). All project stakeholders have a responsibility of ensuring health and safety, starting from the government and the people that actually initiate projects. Health and safety must be achieved by the commitment from all construction project clients, all level management, and equal commitment by construction workers (Coble and Haupt, 1999). MACI requested to Ministry of Economic and Development, Ahmed Mohamed, for a solution to the problem of safety measures on the construction sites (sun.mv, 14th October 2012) According to Seventh National Development Plane 2006-2010, stated that to implement the building code of the Maldives under construction policies and strategies, item 2.1 as a strategy and item 2.7 stated that Enable formulation of construction industry related to health and safety regulations and established database on health and safety issues (Ministry of Planning and National Development, 2008). 3.3.1 Maldives Building Code 1st Edition 2008 Maldives Building Code was published on August 2008 by Ministry of Construction and Public Infrastructure to ensure that: the safety of the built environment T0 provide flexibility in design The building code will be empowered from a set of building regulations which itself will be bound by a building act. However a building act has not yet been passed (Ministry of Construction and Public Infrastructure, 2008). Section F of the Building Code is Safety of Users, which defines the following contents: Hazardous agent on site Hazardous building materials Hazardous substances and process Safety from falling Construction and demolition hazards Lighting for emergency Warning system Signs (The Building Code 2008) CHAPTER 4: REASARCH METHODOLOGY 4.1 Introduction The purpose of this chapter is to describe and explain the methodology used in this research in order to accomplished the aim of the research. 4.2 Research Design The researcher will distribute 100 questionnaires to different stakeholders in the construction industry of Maldives. Such as clients, consultants and contractors in Male city. Researcher will interview with a company in Male city regarding occupational health and safety. 4.3 Research Method The researcher will distribute 100 questionnaires by using emails and by the use of Google documents. 4.4 Primary Data and Secondary Data Primary data is the data that will be collected from the distribution of questionnaires to the targeted respondents. In this case, the clients, consultants and contractors are the target. Secondary data is the data that will be collected from the literature review, such as books, journals, newspaper, internet and others. 4.5 Data Analysis Technique Data receives from the respondents will be analysis by using Google documents software